Dear Medico, friends here we provide you essential handwritten notes for different medical subjects mainly anotomy, physiology etc. which are very helpful during exam preparations like USMLE step I, PLAB, NEET PG, NEXT etc. these notes are based on word to word information from different medical exam preparation sources
Topic 12
Complement System
Body encounters many pathogens daily, which can harm the body but body protect itself with the help of special system called as a immunue system.
In the immune system, there are different types of systems which work collaboratively to cause the killing action of the bacteria, viruses ,fungi which invade into the body for the infecting human being.immune system consists of humoral immune system and the cell mediated immune system. humoral immune system is generally concerned with the the use of antibodies for restricting pathogens invading the body .
In the cell mediated immune system the T- lymphocytes do their function by directly acting on the pathogen .
To complement this immune system or to help this immune system, our body developed a special mechanism and special proteins which complement the action of immune system .This system is nothing but the complementary system. liver continuously produce some proteins known as complementary proteins . This complementary proteins are present in the blood and whenever the pathogen comes in our body for infecting body, for killing that pathogen the complement system activated and do its function very well.
In the complement system, there are classical pathway ,alternative pathway system and lectin pathway, for activating complement system .
In the classical pathway of activation of complement system, the antibody is IgG and IgM are involved, while in alternative pathway, the cluster of IgA antibodies or some endotoxins present on pathogen are helpful for the activation of the pathway .In , lectin pathway the special protein called as mennan is helpful for the activation of the pathway ,resulting into deactivation and killing of the pathogen .
There are various type of diseases are concerned with the hyperactivation or Hypoactivation of the complement system .The complement system are also involved in in ABO incompatibility which happens during the mismatched blood transfusion reaction, this is a very dangerous condition
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